！？青青？！，！？水水？！

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define int long long
const int inf=1e18;
int siz[110];
void solve()
{
	int d,k,x;cin>>d>>k>>x;
	siz[0]=1;for(int i=1;i<=d;i++)siz[i]=siz[i-1]*k+1;
	int ans=inf;
	for(int i=0;i<=d;i++)
	{
		if(siz[i]<x)continue;
		int sum=(i!=d),x1=siz[i]-x;
		for(int j=i;j>=0;j--)
			sum+=(x1/siz[j]),x1%=siz[j];
		ans=min(ans,sum);
	}
	cout<<ans<<'\n';
}
signed main()
{
	int t;cin>>t;
	while(t--)solve();
	return 0;
}